Imagine stumbling upon a treasure trove of ancient history while taking a leisurely walk on a remote beach. That’s exactly what happened to 23-year-old Nikau Dix in August 2024 on the Chatham Islands, also known as Rēkohu. What began as a curious glance at an odd-looking stick protruding from the sand turned into one of the most groundbreaking archaeological discoveries in the Pacific. But here’s where it gets controversial: who owns this treasure, and why is it still buried beneath the sand?
Nikau’s initial find led him to a figurehead washed down a creek, a discovery he instantly recognized as extraordinary. ‘It was obviously special,’ he recalled. What followed was a cascade of revelations—a large pile of artifacts seemingly pouring out of the creek. This triggered a week-long partial excavation, unearthing between 600 and 700 pieces. Yet, archaeologists estimate that only about 10% of the ancient waka (canoe) has been recovered. The rest remains buried, protected by sand and sandbags, awaiting further excavation.
The artifacts, now stored in water-filled containers near the site, are being meticulously stabilized and studied by conservators. Archaeologist Justin Maxwell described the discovery as ‘utterly extraordinary,’ revealing parts of cordage, ropes, twine, sails, and matting—essentially everything one could hope to find from a waka. Interim radiocarbon dating places the waka’s arrival on the Chatham Islands between 1440 AD and 1470 AD, a period of significant Pacific voyaging. However, the waka itself may be even older, adding another layer of intrigue.
And this is the part most people miss: The preservation of these artifacts is nothing short of miraculous. Thanks to the unique conditions beneath the dunes—low oxygen, constant moisture, and natural protection—even braided fibers and intricate decorations like obsidian inlays and shell adornments remain intact. Principal conservator Sara Gainsford called it a ‘once-in-a-lifetime opportunity,’ emphasizing the global rarity of such a find. ‘Nowhere in the world have we found so many parts of a waka from this time,’ she noted.
Yet, the excitement is tempered by growing frustration. Despite the waka’s immense historical value, bureaucratic delays have stalled further excavation. Maui Solomon, a barrister and former chairperson of the Moriori Imi Settlement Trust, voiced the island’s collective concern: ‘It should be out of the ground by now. This is the most important find in New Zealand’s archaeological history.’ The Moriori Imi Settlement Trust and the Hokotehi Moriori Trust have jointly claimed ownership, believing the vessel could be the rangihoua, a legendary waka referenced in Moriori traditions.
The Ngāti Mutunga o Wharekauri, the island’s iwi (tribe), are also deeply invested in the waka’s origins. Monique Croon, chairperson of the trust, expressed their eagerness to uncover the waka’s story, which could reshape their understanding of migration and history. ‘We want to know the story of this waka,’ she said. ‘It could change our history.’
But here’s the burning question: Who will fund the extensive excavation, and when will it finally happen? The final radiocarbon dating report, due in early 2026, may provide more answers, but until then, the waka’s fate hangs in the balance. As Lanauze, a key figure in the discovery, aptly put it, ‘You’ve got to go through the process. No court case is a done deal, but you know you’ve got to work through the courts.’
This discovery is more than just artifacts—it’s a bridge to the past, a testament to the ingenuity of Pacific voyagers, and a reminder of the complexities of heritage and ownership. What do you think? Should the excavation be expedited, or is the cautious approach justified? Share your thoughts in the comments below!
